The history of premodern imaging of racial Others and modern chattel slavery has and continues to produce black monstrosity, a concept illustrated by the post-Enlightenment Negro Ape of biological racialism. This figure, Professor Whittaker contends, is most productively read as a monster, exemplified through Ruben Mamoulian's “Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde” and general surveys of the Negro Ape subgenre of 1930s horror film.